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Shabbat

When does Shabbat begin and end each week?

Question: When does Shabbat begin and end each week?

Answer: The Torah describes creation, "And there was evening, and there was morning, one day." Thus, according to Judaism, a new day begins in the evening, at sunset.

The Jewish Sabbath (Shabbat), like all Jewish days, begins at sunset. Shabbat ends at nightfall, when three stars are visible, approximately 40 minutes after sunset.

HebCal.com offers 1-Click Shabbat Candle Lighting Times so people can easily find when Shabbat begins and ends each week in their area.
 

Why do Jews cover their eyes and wind their hands when lighting Sabbath candles?

Question: Why do Jews cover their eyes and wind their hands when lighting Sabbath candles?

Why does my mother-in-law cover her eyes and wind her hands three times around the Shabbat candles before reciting the blessing over the candles on Friday nights?

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Top Ten Ways to Make Shabbat a Fun Family Celebration

If you invest a little effort into creating a fun Shabbat experience for your children, you'll reap great rewards. I believe the quality family time we spend together on Shabbat helps each child to feel more relaxed, secure, and confident and helps each member of the family to be more understanding and accepting of each other. Celebrating Shabbat together is also a way to help your children feel positively connected to their Jewish heritage. These ten tips can help you in your efforts to make Shabbat a meaningful, memorable and fun experience for your family.

Friday Afternoon

1. Bake Challah with your children

There is nothing like the smell of freshly baked challah to usher in the Shabbat mood and make everyone want to sit down to eat a festive meal together. And there is nothing that makes children so proud as when they can can bring food they made to the table. If challah isn't your thing, children are great at helping to prepare salads and desserts.
How to Make Challah

2. Make a Shabbat item with your children

Challah covers, Havdalah candles, Havdalah spice holders and Tzedakah boxes are fun Shabbat items for children to make.

3. Light Shabbat Candles with your children


Children love rituals. And rituals with fire are the most exciting. Enabling your child to participate in the Shabbat candle lighting ritual is a simple way to give your child the feel of Shabbat. A child who is allowed to experience Shabbat first-hand, rather than to watch it being experienced by the parents, is more likely to feel positively connected to the Jewish celebration.
How to light Shabbat candles

Friday Night Dinner


4. Recite blessings together at the table

Children love to recite the blessing over the bread, HaMotzi, or over the wine, Kiddush. It gives them the opportunity to show what they have learned and, again, to experience Shabbat first-hand rather than as a spectator.

5. Sing songs together at the table


Aren't the dining hall song fests some of your fondest memories of summer camp? You can create that same feeling of belonging and fun simply by singing at your own table. We find the time between clearing the dinner dishes and bringing in the dessert to be the best time for some cheerful Shabbat songs. The singing always leads to laughter.

6. Discuss together at the table

The Sabbath marks the end of one week and the beginning of a new week. The Shabbat table is the perfect place to ask your children about last week's highs and lows and next week's plans and hopes. Some families like to discuss current events and others the weekly Torah portion. As long as the children are talking and the parents are listening, I believe the discussions will be a great success.

Friday Night After Dinner

7. Play board games and/or read books together

If the rule is "no screens allowed" (at least for a couple of hours), the children will be much more likely to focus on and enjoy an after dinner family activity. And in the long run, the children are more likely to remember and be positively affected by a fun game of monopoly or charades they played with their family than by another computer game played or television show watched alone.

Saturday

8. Do an outside activity together

Saturday is the perfect day for a family walk, ball game, or park outing. Errands can be put off a day and the kids' sports activites can be worked around, so that at least an hour of the day can be devoted to a family Shabbat activity.

Saturday Night

9. Make Havdalah together


Havdalah, the brief ceremony that marks the end of the Sabbath, is short, simple, sweet and spiritual. Havdalah is definitely one of my children's favorite religious rituals.
How to make Havdalah

10. Watch a family movie together

Our Havdalah "Shavua Tov" song usually flows right into a chorus of "video time" cheers. For my younger children, the television most clearly symbolizes the movement from spiritual back to mundane. If you can find the time, watching a Saturday night family movie with your children is a great way to move into the new week together.

Shabbat Shalom! Good Shabbas!
 

Jewish Sabbath Rituals - Friday Evening in an Observant Jewish Home

Sabbath Blessings:
An important part of Judaism is acknowledging that the fruits of the earth are gifts from God. Hence, Judaism prescribes the recitation of blessings as a way to elevate the physical into the realm of the spiritual. Blessings are recited before and after eating, before enjoying aromas such as spices, upon seeing pleasing sights such as rainbows, etc. On Friday evening, as Jews welcome in their Sabbath (Shabbat in Hebrew), blessings are recited over candles, wine, bread, children and more.
Blessing the Candles:
"Just as creation began with the word, 'Let there be light!' so does the celebration of creation (Sabbath) begin with the kindling of lights." (Heschel, The Sabbath, p. 66). On the eve of the Sabbath, after all work has stopped and just before sunset, Jews fulfill the commandment to light and bless candles. After the candles have been lit, many Jews attend Friday night prayer services in synagogue.
Peace Unto You:
Upon returning home from synagogue, a special hymn called Shalom Aleikhem is sung. Shalom Aleikhem, which means "Peace unto You", is a poem of kabbalistic origins, inspired by a Talmudic story about two angels. According to the Talmudic legend, these angels (one bad and one good) accompany each Jew home from the synagogue, blessing or cursing his table depending upon whether he honors or dishonors the Sabbath.
A Woman of Valor:
Eshet Chayil (A Woman of Valor), verses from the Book of Proverbs (Prov. 31:10-31) that describe the ideal wife, are sung next. It has become a Jewish custom for men to recite this hymn at the end of the week, and thus to think about and be thankful for all their wives have done for them and their family throughout the past week.
Blessing the Children:
One of the most moving Shabbat traditions is the blessing over the children given on Friday night. This tradition gently reminds parents to express their love for their children out loud and gives children a feeling of warmth that they can carry with them throughout their lives.
Blessing the Wine:
A kiddish cup is filled to the rim (our joy should be "full") with kosher wine or grape juice, and the blessing over the wine is recited. This blessing is called Kiddush, which means sanctification. Wine, which is a substance that can be drunk in excess, is poured into a silver cup, blessed, and thus sanctified. There is no speaking between blessing the wine and drinking it, as Judaism teaches that all blessings should be followed immediately by partaking pleasure in the gift that was blessed.
Ritual Washing of Hands:
Next hands are ritually washed and dried. As a religious (not hygienic) ritual, it is done in a specified way. Each person fills a vessel with water, and pours the water over their hands. The most common practice is to pour first over the right hand three times, then the left three times, using up all the water. As hands are dried, a benediction referred to as Nitilat Yadayim is recited. Since the washing is preparation for eating, there is no talking between washing and eating the bread.
Blessing the Bread:
Two challah loaves are placed on the Sabbath table. These loaves represent the double portion of manna that the children of Israel gathered on Fridays when they were in the desert (Exod. 16:22). Traditionally the challah stays covered until it is time to recite the blessing. Then the challah cover is removed and the Motzi blessing over the bread is recited. This blessing praises God and thanks God for "bringing forth bread from the earth." Bread, in this blessing, is the symbol of all food.
Festive Meal:
It was recorded in the Talmud that there was a Sabbath custom to speak Divrei Torah (Words of Torah) and sing Zemirot (Songs of Praise) during the Sabbath meal. This ancient custom continues in many observant Jewish homes today.
Grace after Meals:
At the conclusion of the meal, Grace after Meals, called Birkat Hamazon (The Blessing for Sustenance), is recited in accordance with Deuteronomy 8:10. This prayer unit, which consists of four benedictions, expresses gratitude to God. The first benediction thanks God for the blessing of food, the second for "the good land" that He gave to Israel as an inheritance, the third for His merciful restoration of Jerusalem, and the fourth for not permitting Israel to perish. On Shabbat, Psalm 126 (Shir Ha'Maalot, The Song of Ascents) is sung before Birkat Hamazon, as fits a joyous occassion, and a special prayer, called retzeh, is inserted. Many people refer to the recitation of Birkat HaMazon as bentching, which is Yiddish for blessing.

Licensed by Lisa Katz

 

Why do people raise their pinky finger toward the Torah after the reading?

Question: Why do people raise their pinky finger toward the Torah after the reading?
Answer: When the Torah reading is over during the prayer service and is about to be returned to the holy ark (Aron Kodesh), the Torah is lifted (hagba) and a prayer is sung. As the Torah is raised, it is customary for people in the congregation to raise their pinky finger up toward the Torah just as the words "This is the Torah that God gave to Moses" are being recited (sung) in the prayer. Some people then kiss their finger.

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