Herod
Later Hasmonean rulers did not follow in the righteous ways of Judah the Maccabee. The Romans moved into help rule Jerusalem, and then took over control of the city and its surroundings. The Romans appointed Herod as King of Judea in 37 B.C.E.

Herod embarked on a massive building campaign which included the building of the Second Temple. The building of the Second Temple required nearly twenty years of work, more than ten thousand workers, advanced engineering know-how, massive stones and costly materials such as marble and gold.
According to the Talmud, "He who has not seen the Temple of Herod, has never seen a beautiful building." (Babylonian Talmud, Baba Batra, 4a; Shemot Rabba 36:1)
Herod's building campaign made Jerusalem one of the most impressive cities in the world. According to the rabbis of that day, "Ten measures of beauty descended to the world; nine of them were allotted to Jerusalem."